A musical adaptation of Paradise Lost was written by Ben Birney and Rob Seitelman and was performed in New York City in March 2006.The American choral and orchestral composer Eric Whitacre composed an "Electronica Opera" entitled Paradise Lost: Shadows and Wings, inspired by this text.In the late 1970s, the Polish composer Krzysztof Penderecki wrote an opera based on Paradise Lost.In 1878 the oratorio Le paradis perdu by the composer Théodore Dubois on a libretto by Alfred-Édouard Blau was performed for the first time at the Théatre Lyrique du Châtelet in Paris.Paradise Lost was, apart from straight quotations of biblical texts, the basis on which the libretto for Joseph Haydn's oratorio Die Schöpfung ( The Creation, 1798) was built, by, among others, Baron van Swieten.The libretto for John Christopher Smith's oratorio Paradise Lost (1760) was by Benjamin Stillingfleet after Milton.In the web-based collaborative fiction project SCP Foundation an organization known as the Chaos Insurgency uses a quote from Paradise Lost in their logo.Lord Byron alludes to Milton in his works.Valentine can be seen quoting Milton at various times. In Cassandra Clare's young-adult fantasy series The Mortal Instruments, one of the main antagonists, Valentine Morgenstern was inspired by Milton's Lucifer.John Keats's Hyperion is influenced by Paradise Lost.The poem was first published in Icelandic in 1828, translated by Jon Thorlakson. Various snippets from the poem are quoted with admiration during the course of the narrative. In Jón Kalman Stefánsson's novel, Heaven and Hell the character Barthur is enamored of the poem, and suffers tragic consequences when he does not pay attention to gathering his gear for a fishing job, instead dwelling on one passage from the poem.In 1994, American author Joseph Lanzara wrote Paradise Lost: The Novel based upon the epic poem.John Collier's Paradise Lost: Screenplay for Cinema of the Mind.The Day After Judgment by James Blish ends with Satan making a long speech in Miltonic blank verse.In his Sandman comics/graphic novels series, Neil Gaiman uses Lucifer as a character, most notably in the Season of Mists arc/collection, and makes reference to the poem, having Lucifer openly quote Milton.Libba Bray uses a quote from Paradise Lost to name the second book of her trilogy, Rebel Angels quoting from it "To reign is worth ambition though in Hell: Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heav'n.".In Pullman's introduction, he modifies Blake's line to quip that he himself "is of the Devil's party and does know it." The epic was also one of the prime inspirations for Philip Pullman's trilogy of novels His Dark Materials (the title itself a quotation from Book II of Paradise Lost).In his controversial novel, The Satanic Verses, Salman Rushdie adapts major motifs and plot elements from Paradise Lost, such as a "fall" and subsequent transformation.John Steinbeck's novel In Dubious Battle takes its title from Book 1 of Paradise Lost. ![]() ![]() ![]() Frederick Buechner's debut novel, A Long Day's Dying, takes its title from Book 10 of Paradise Lost.Lewis' novel The Great Divorce the narrator meets writer George MacDonald in heaven, who uses the quote "Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heav'n" as answer to the narrator's questions about heaven and hell. Poet Percy Bysshe Shelley specifically notes in the preface to his lyrical drama Prometheus Unbound that he constructed his character Prometheus in part as an attempt to revise Milton's Satan.The concept of the "Fallen Angel," an epithet of Satan, is used to both describe the protagonist, Victor, and to describe his monster. Shelley uses a quote from Book X of Paradise Lost on the epigram page of her novel and Paradise Lost is one of three books Frankenstein's monster finds this, therefore, influences his psychological growth. Paradise Lost influenced Mary Shelley when she wrote her novel Frankenstein.In addition to his famous quip in The Marriage of Heaven and Hell about Milton belonging to the devil's party, Blake wrote Milton: a Poem which has Milton, like Satan, rejecting a life in Heaven. Blake emphasized the rebellious, satanic elements of the epic the repressive character Urizen in the Four Zoas is a tyrannical version of Milton's God. In addition to printing an illustrated edition of the poem, much of the mystic poetry of William Blake is a direct response to or rewriting of Paradise Lost.In literature The cover to the 2017 book Essays in Anarchism and Religion features Paradise Lost engravings by Gustave Doré Paradise Lost has had a profound impact on writers, artists and illustrators, and, in the twentieth century, filmmakers.
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